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The Forging of Strategic Law-enforcement Behaviors of Street-level Bureaucrats

SHEN Shanshan, YANG Fan

2021, 39(4): 3-16.

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By exposing to three structural factors，street-level bureaucrats obtain three strategies during the law enforcement，namely，positive law-enforcement，passive law-enforcement，and law-enforcement shirking. During the routinized law enforcement process，considering the rules clarity and public accountability，street-level bureaucrats would value both reciprocity norms and self-interest and conduct positive law-enforcement behaviors. If the law-enforcement process is under strict control from higher-ups，street-level bureaucrats would apply several strategies such as rule dependence，peer collusion，and blame avoidance，eventually choose to passive law-enforcement. When the high-ups intensify the control and the demand for public accountability，street-level bureaucrats would have limited leeway to use their discretion in the design of implementation. By evaluating the complication of working tasks and goals，street-level bureaucrats will choose the strategies of law-enforcement shirking. The analysis to the three types of strategies in law enforcement is helpful to understand the behaviors of street-level bureaucrats and provide suggestions for standardizing frontline law-enforcement management.

The New “Tradition” of Grassroots Governance: the Path of Contradiction Resolution and the Construction of Governance Community——A Case Study of “One Alert and Three Push” in Yongkang City

ZHANG Pin, YING Xiaoli, YE Yushang

2021, 39(4): 17-27.

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In recent years，in the process of resolving grassroots disputes，Yongkang city of Zhejiang province has broken through the previous practice of using grassroots authority to mediate，and reporting the case through administrative and judicial channels after mediation fails. Instead，they first report the case to the police through administrative and judicial channels，then screen out the disputes that can be mediated by the grassroots through the accurate analysis and judgment of the public security department, then distribute and push to the grassroots political power for mediation by the grassroots authority. With the gradual shrinking of the field of grassroots autonomy，grassroots authority no longer plays an independent role in mediating grassroots disputes，and a new community of grassroots governance gradually formed. The grassroots governance logic behind the mediation phenomenon in Yongkang city is neither an extension of the traditional governance logic nor a break of the traditional governance logic，but a new “tradition” of grassroots governance formed under the

leadership of the Communist Party of China.

Social Conflict Governance: Conceptual Orientation and Strategic Choice——Based on the Practical Reflection of a Typical Case

ZHANG Zhengzhou

2021, 39(4): 28-40.

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Social conflicts have the “positive function” of social integration. However，from the perspective of political elites whose primary governance goal is to maintain social stability，social conflicts show more of a state of social instability，undermining social order and even the overall situation of national reform and development. Facing the reality of social divisions and conflicts, we should grasp the transformation of the main social contradictions, clarify the conceptual orientation of social conflict governance and reconstruct the strategic choice of social conflict governance. In the process of integrating social conflicts，political elites need to recognize the “positive, function” of social conflicts and actively intervene in social conflicts and protests, so as to use the proper solving of concrete conflicts as social safety valves. In this way，they can control the intensity and impact of social conflicts and maintain social stability through resolving social conflicts. Meanwhile，political elites should establish all kinds of mechanisms of social safety valves and enrich institutional approaches for social conflict governance，so as to promote social interest expression and participation, thus pushing the healthy operation of the social organism, and enhancing the communication and connection between the ruling party and the people, thus realizing the organic integration of the political community.

Combinations of “Three-types of Governance” in Rural Customs Changes——Taking the Funeral Reform in Z Village of X City as an Example

LI Huifeng, YAO Suxiao, MA Qiuzhi

2021, 39(4): 41-50.

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From Information Disclosure to Effective Transparency: Optimization Strategy for Government Information Disclosure in Major Public Health Crisis——A Case Study of COVID-19 Pandemic

LI Xiaoqian, LE Jiabei

2021, 39(4): 51-73.

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Information transparency is critical to governance of major public health crisis. The significance of information transparency not only derives from whether information is disclosed，but also how information is disclosed. This paper examined government information disclosure during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in China. It aimed to explore the possibility from information disclosure to effective information transparency. The research analyzed three dimensions of information disclosure of 31 provincial health department：the accessibility of information, what is disclosed, and how information is disclosed. Based on the analysis and practice，this paper proposed a practical framework regarding how to achieve effective information transparency in major public health crisis.

The Characteristics, Harm and Countermeasures of “Electronic Bureaucracy”

SONG Linlin, LI Zixin

2021, 39(4): 74-82.

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“Electronic bureaucracy” is a new form of formalism and bureaucracy in the information technology era. Its main characteristics include excessive left marks, technical barriers，“electronic government” and platform abuse in the work of party and government organs，which will not only aggravate the work burden of grass-roots staff, increase the difficulty of the people，but also breed cadres’ lazy politics and bury the corruption hidden danger in the party and government organs. By means of standardizing trace management，innovating government service，opening up power supervision and optimizing network office system，can we effectively curb“ electronic bureaucracy”，prevent official corruption，and foster a sound political environment.

The Analysis of Historical Connotation of the Private Business Owners and the Private Entrepreneurs

WANG Zhe

2021, 39(4): 83-92.

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There is a process of change in the appellation of a group engaged in non-state-owned economic activities. Compared with “private business owners”，the word “private entrepreneur” is used more frequently at present，for better understanding two words，it is necessary to sort out the historical changes of China’s non-public economic development. From the history of the Communist Party of China in the past century，according to whether private ownership promotes the development of China’s productive forces or not，how big and how small it is，the corresponding policies of the Communist Party of China have a process from “eradicating” to “giving consideration” and then to “encouraging，supporting and guiding”；“market” has a process from “supplement” to “decisive” in resource allocation；correspondingly，non-state-owned economy also has a process of continuous development. The change of the historical connotation of the private business owners and the private entrepreneurs lends some support to the qualitative evolution of the connotation of socialist basic economic system：from “ public ownership as main body，joint growth of multiple ownership economy” to “distribution according to work as the main body，a variety of distributions coexist”，and then to “socialist market economy system”.

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